# Damage evolution and element removal for fiber-reinforced composites

 The damage evolution capability for fiber-reinforced materials in Abaqus: assumes that damage is characterized by progressive degradation of material stiffness, leading to material failure; requires linearly elastic behavior of the undamaged material (see Linear elastic behavior); takes into account four different failure modes: fiber tension, fiber compression, matrix tension, and matrix compression; uses four damage variables to describe damage for each failure mode; must be used in combination with Hashin's damage initiation criteria (Damage initiation for fiber-reinforced composites); is based on energy dissipation during the damage process; offers options for what occurs upon failure, including the removal of elements from the mesh; and can be used in conjunction with a viscous regularization of the constitutive equations to improve the convergence rate in the softening regime. The following topics are discussed:
 Related Topics About progressive damage and failure Damage initiation for fiber-reinforced composites In Other Guides *DAMAGE EVOLUTION Damage evolution

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