ProductsAbaqus/StandardAbaqus/ExplicitAbaqus/CAE
Element types
2D stress/displacement truss elements
- T2D2
2-node linear displacement
- T2D2H(S)
2-node linear displacement, hybrid
- T2D3(S)
3-node quadratic displacement
- T2D3H(S)
3-node quadratic displacement, hybrid
Active degrees of freedom
1, 2
Additional solution variables
Element type T2D2H has one additional variable and element type T2D3H has two additional variables relating to axial force.
3D stress/displacement truss elements
- T3D2
2-node linear displacement
- T3D2H(S)
2-node linear displacement, hybrid
- T3D3(S)
3-node quadratic displacement
- T3D3H(S)
3-node quadratic displacement, hybrid
Active degrees of freedom
1, 2, 3
Additional solution variables
Element type T3D2H has one additional variable and element type T3D3H has two additional variables relating to axial force.
2D coupled temperature-displacement truss elements
- T2D2T(S)
2-node, linear displacement, linear temperature
- T2D3T(S)
3-node, quadratic displacement, linear temperature
Active degrees of freedom
1, 2 at middle node for T2D3T
1, 2, 11 at all other nodes
Additional solution variables
None.
3D coupled temperature-displacement truss elements
- T3D2T(S)
2-node, linear displacement, linear temperature
- T3D3T(S)
3-node, quadratic displacement, linear temperature
Active degrees of freedom
1, 2, 3 at middle node for T3D3T
1, 2, 3, 11 at all other nodes
Additional solution variables
None.
2D piezoelectric truss elements
- T2D2E(S)
2-node, linear displacement, linear electric potential
- T2D3E(S)
3-node, quadratic displacement, quadratic electric potential
Active degrees of freedom
1, 2, 9
Additional solution variables
None.
3D piezoelectric truss elements
- T3D2E(S)
2-node, linear displacement, linear electric potential
- T3D3E(S)
3-node, quadratic displacement, quadratic electric potential
Active degrees of freedom
1, 2, 3, 9
Additional solution variables
None.
Nodal coordinates required
Element property definition
You must provide the cross-sectional area of the element. If no area is given, Abaqus assumes unit area.
Abaqus/CAE Usage
Property module: Create Section: select Beam as the section Category and Truss as the section Type
Element-based loading
Distributed loads
Distributed loads are available for elements with displacement degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Distributed loads.
*dload
- Load ID (*DLOAD): BX
- Body force
- FL−3
Body force in global X-direction.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): BY
- Body force
- FL−3
Body force in global Y-direction.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): BZ
- Body force
- FL−3
Body force in global Z-direction. (Only for 3D trusses.)
- Load ID (*DLOAD): BXNU
- Body force
- FL−3
Nonuniform body force in global X-direction with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in Abaqus/Standard and VDLOAD in Abaqus/Explicit.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): BYNU
- Body force
- FL−3
Nonuniform body force in global Y-direction with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in Abaqus/Standard and VDLOAD in Abaqus/Explicit.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): BZNU
- Body force
- FL−3
Nonuniform body force in global Z-direction with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in Abaqus/Standard and VDLOAD in Abaqus/Explicit. (Only for 3D trusses.)
- Load ID (*DLOAD): CENT(S)
- Not supported
- FL−4 (ML−3T−2)
Centrifugal load (magnitude is input as , where is the mass density per unit volume, is the angular velocity).
- Load ID (*DLOAD): CENTRIF(S)
- Rotational body force
- T−2
Centrifugal load (magnitude is input as , where is the angular velocity).
- Load ID (*DLOAD): CORIO(S)
- Coriolis force
- FL−4T (ML−3T−1)
Coriolis force (magnitude is input as , where is the mass density per unit volume, is the angular velocity).
- Load ID (*DLOAD): GRAV
- Gravity
- LT−2
Gravity loading in a specified direction (magnitude is input as acceleration).
- Load ID (*DLOAD): ROTA(S)
- Rotational body force
- T−2
Rotary acceleration load (magnitude is input as , where is the rotary acceleration).
Abaqus/Aqua loads
Abaqus/Aqua loads are specified as described in Abaqus/Aqua analysis. They are available only for stress/displacement trusses.
*cload/ *dload
- Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD): FDD
- Not supported
- FL−1
Transverse fluid drag load.
- Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD): FD1
- Not supported
- F
Fluid drag force on the first end of the truss (node 1).
- Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD): FD2
- Not supported
- F
Fluid drag force on the second end of the truss (node 2 or node 3).
- Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD): FDT
- Not supported
- FL−1
Tangential fluid drag load.
- Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD): FI
- Not supported
- FL−1
Fluid inertia load.
- Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD): FI1
- Not supported
- F
Fluid inertia force on the first end of the truss (node 1).
- Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD): FI2
- Not supported
- F
Fluid inertia force on the second end of the truss (node 2 or node 3).
- Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD): PB
- Not supported
- FL−1
Buoyancy load (with closed end condition).
- Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD): WDD
- Not supported
- FL−1
Transverse wind drag load.
- Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD): WD1
- Not supported
- F
Wind drag force on the first end of the truss (node 1).
- Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD): WD2
- Not supported
- F
Wind drag force on the second end of the truss (node 2 or node 3).
Distributed heat fluxes
Distributed heat fluxes are available for coupled temperature-displacement trusses. They are specified as described in Thermal loads.
*dflux
- Load ID (*DFLUX): BF(S)
- Body heat flux
- JL−3 T−1
Heat body flux per unit volume.
- Load ID (*DFLUX): BFNU(S)
- Body heat flux
- JL−3 T−1
Nonuniform heat body flux per unit volume with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DFLUX.
- Load ID (*DFLUX): S1(S)
- Surface heat flux
- JL−2 T−1
Heat surface flux per unit area into the first end of the truss (node 1).
- Load ID (*DFLUX): S2(S)
- Surface heat flux
- JL−2 T−1
Heat surface flux per unit area into the second end of the truss (node 2 or node 3).
- Load ID (*DFLUX): S1NU(S)
- Not supported
- JL−2 T−1
Nonuniform heat surface flux per unit area into the first end of the truss (node 1) with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DFLUX.
- Load ID (*DFLUX): S2NU(S)
- Not supported
- JL−2 T−1
Nonuniform heat surface flux per unit area into the second end of the truss (node 2 or node 3) with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DFLUX.
Film conditions
Film conditions are available for coupled temperature-displacement trusses. They are specified as described in Thermal loads.
*film
- Load ID (*FILM): F1(S)
- Not supported
- JL−2 T−1−1
Film coefficient and sink temperature at the first end of the truss (node 1).
- Load ID (*FILM): F2(S)
- Not supported
- JL−2 T−1−1
Film coefficient and sink temperature at the second end of the truss (node 2 or node 3).
- Load ID (*FILM): F1NU(S)
- Not supported
- JL−2 T−1−1
Nonuniform film coefficient and sink temperature at the first end of the truss (node 1) with magnitude supplied via user subroutine FILM.
- Load ID (*FILM): F2NU(S)
- Not supported
- JL−2 T−1−1
Nonuniform film coefficient and sink temperature at the second end of the truss (node 2 or node 3) with magnitude supplied via user subroutine FILM.
Radiation types
Radiation conditions are available for coupled temperature-displacement trusses. They are specified as described in Thermal loads.
*radiate
- Load ID (*RADIATE): R1(S)
- Surface radiation
- Dimensionless
Emissivity and sink temperature at the first end of the truss (node 1).
- Load ID (*RADIATE): R2(S)
- Surface radiation
- Dimensionless
Emissivity and sink temperature at the second end of the truss (node 2 or node 3).
Electric fluxes
Electric fluxes are available for piezoelectric trusses. They are specified as described in Piezoelectric analysis.
*decharge
- Load ID (*DECHARGE): EBF(S)
- Body charge
- CL−3
Body flux per unit volume.
Element output
Stress, strain, and other tensor components
Stress and other tensors (including strain tensors) are available for elements with displacement degrees of freedom. All tensors have the same components. For example, the stress components are as follows:
- S11
Axial stress.
Heat flux components
Available for coupled temperature-displacement trusses.
- HFL1
Heat flux along the element axis.
Node ordering on elements
Numbering of integration points for output
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