*HEADING
 COPPER ROD IMPACT (AXISYMMETRIC)
 SECTION CONTROLS USED (HOURGLASS=COMBINED)
**
**  This example simulates the high velocity impact of a copper rod
**  onto a rigid wall.  Similar tests have been performed to determine
**  the material constants for high-pressure equations of state, and
**  the test is sometimes described as the Taylor bar experiment.
**  Extremely high plastic strains develop at the crushed end of the
**  rod, resulting in severe local mesh distortion.
**
*RESTART, WRITE, NUMBER INTERVAL=20
**
**  Generate a 10 x 36 mesh for the bar
**
*NODE, NSET=CORNERS
   1, .0000, .0000
  11, .0032, .0000
 397, .0000, .0324
 407, .0032, .0324
*NGEN, NSET=HEAD
   1, 11, 1
*NGEN, NSET=TAIL
 397, 407, 1
*NFILL, NSET=ROD
 HEAD, TAIL, 36, 11
*NSET, NSET=AXIS, GENERATE
 1, 397, 11
*NSET, NSET=BODY, GENERATE
 12, 407, 1
*NSET,NSET=NOUT
397, 
*ELEMENT, TYPE=CAX4R
 1, 1, 2, 13, 12
*ELGEN, ELSET=ROD
 1, 10, 1, 1, 36, 11, 10
**
**  Representative material properties for copper
**
*MATERIAL, NAME=COPPER
*ELASTIC
 124.E9, 0.34
** Young's modulus unit: Pa
*PLASTIC,HARDENING=JOHNSON COOK
 90.E6, 292.E6, 0.31, 1.09, 1083., 25.
** A & B unit: Pa
*RATE DEPENDENT,TYPE=JOHNSON COOK
 0.025, 1.0
** unit: reference strain rate has a unit of s^(-1)
*INELASTIC HEAT FRACTION
 1.,
** dimensionless
*SPECIFIC HEAT
 383.,
** unit: J/kgK
*EXPANSION
 5.E-5,
** unit: K^(-1)
*DENSITY
 8.96E3,
** unit: kg/m^3
*SOLID SECTION, ELSET=ROD, MATERIAL=COPPER, CONTROL=B
*SECTION CONTROLS, HOURGLASS=COMBINED, NAME=B
**
**  Zero radial displacements are imposed along the symmetry axis.
**  To simulate the impact of the rod on a (frictionless) rigid wall,
**  zero axial displacements are prescribed at one end of the rod,
**  while all other nodes are subjected to an initial velocity field.
**
*BOUNDARY
 HEAD, 2
 AXIS, 1
*INITIAL CONDITIONS, TYPE=TEMPERATURE
 ROD,  25.
*INITIAL CONDITIONS, TYPE=VELOCITY
 BODY, 2, -227.
**
*NSET,NSET=NOUT
HEAD,407
*ELSET,ELSET=EOUT,GENERATE
1,10,1
**
**  Run the problem for 80 microseconds
**
*ELSET,ELSET=QA_TEST_EOUT
EOUT,
*NSET,NSET=QA_TEST_NOUT
NOUT,
**
*STEP
*DYNAMIC, EXPLICIT, ADIABATIC
 , 80.E-6
*FILE OUTPUT,TIMEMARKS=YES,NUM=1
*EL FILE,ELSET=EOUT
PEEQ,
*NODE FILE,NSET=NOUT
U, 
*ENERGY FILE
***OUTPUT,HISTORY,TIME INTERVAL=0.
***ENERGY OUTPUT
**DT,
**ALLKE,
***NODE OUTPUT,NSET=NOUT
**U,
*OUTPUT, FIELD, TIMEMARKS=YES, NUMBER INTERVAL=1
*ELEMENT OUTPUT, ELSET=QA_TEST_EOUT
PEEQ,
*NODE OUTPUT, NSET=QA_TEST_NOUT
U, 
*OUTPUT,FIELD,VARIABLE=PRESELECT
*OUTPUT,HISTORY,VARIABLE=PRESELECT,TIMEINT=8E-05
*END STEP