*HEADING
 CONNECTOR ELEMENTS; MODELING AN AUTOMOBILE SUSPENSION (Rotation)
**
** Auto suspension sub-assembly modeled in sprung condition.
** Coil spring and tire spring have initial preload as
** given by their respective spring load-deflection curves.
** Weight of frame (by gravity load) rests on the coil spring top
** and the two wishbone bearing (pivot) points.
** Entire structure is rotated 90 degrees about the vertical (Z)
** axis before applying bump excitation to tire.
**
** FRAME
**
** Model frame as lumped mass at auto centerline
*NODE, NSET=FRAME
 1001,       0.00,       0.00,       0.00
*ELEMENT, TYPE=MASS, ELSET=FRAME
 1001, 1001
** Mass used is one quarter of total auto mass
*MASS, ELSET=FRAME
 0.423, 
*BOUNDARY
 1001, 1,2, 0.0
 1001, 4,6, 0.0
**   
** WHEEL
**
** 3001 is lower rim, 3002 is wheel center
*NODE, NSET=WHEEL
 3001,       0.00,    -779.50,    -315.00
 3002,       0.00,    -779.50,       0.00
*ELEMENT, TYPE=B31, ELSET=WHEEL
 3001, 3001, 3002
*BEAM SECTION, SECTION=CIRC, MATERIAL=STEEL, ELSET=WHEEL
 24.0, 
  0.0,      1.0,      0.0
*BOUNDARY
 WHEEL, 6,6, 0.0
**
** TIRE
**
*NODE, NSET=GROUND
 2000,       0.00,       0.00,    -335.00
*NODE, NSET=TIRE
 2001,       0.00,    -779.50,    -335.00
 2091,     167.50,    -779.50,    -290.11
 2092,    -167.50,    -779.50,    -290.11
*ORIENTATION, NAME=XYZ
 1.0, 0.,0.,0.,1.,0.
 3, 0.0
*ELEMENT, TYPE=CONN3D2, ELSET=TIRE
 2001, 3001, 2001
*CONNECTOR SECTION, ELSET=TIRE, BEHAVIOR=CB_TIRE
 CARTESIAN,
 XYZ,
*CONNECTOR BEHAVIOR, NAME=CB_TIRE
*CONNECTOR ELASTICITY, COMPONENT=1
 175.0
*CONNECTOR ELASTICITY, COMPONENT=2
 175.0
*CONNECTOR ELASTICITY, COMPONENT=3, NONLINEAR
 -10000., -24.21
      0., -19.21
   4150.,   0.00
  10630.,  30.00
** for visualization only
*ELEMENT, TYPE=T3D3, ELSET=PLOTA
 2091, 2091, 2001, 2092
*SOLID SECTION, MATERIAL=STEEL, ELSET=PLOTA
 0.0005, 
*ELEMENT, TYPE=CONN3D2, ELSET=BEAMS
 8001, 2091, 2001
 8002, 2092, 2001
** Tie bottom of tire to ground (makes global rotation possible)
 8003, 2001, 2000
** Tie top of spring to frame
 8004, 6001, 1001
** Tie fixed side of jointc to frame
 8005, 7001, 1001
** Tie fixed side of jointc to frame
 8006, 7002, 1001
*CONNECTOR SECTION, ELSET=BEAMS
 BEAM,
**
** AXLE
**
*NODE, NSET=AXLE
 4001,       0.00,    -705.30,       0.00
 4002,       0.00,    -736.30,       0.00
 4003,       2.56,    -750.00,    -116.00
 4004,     152.00,    -695.61,     -13.81
 4005,     152.00,    -695.61,     -13.81
*ELEMENT, TYPE=B31, ELSET=AXLE1
 4020, 3002, 4001
 4021, 4001, 4002
*BEAM SECTION, SECTION=CIRC, MATERIAL=STEEL, ELSET=AXLE1
 13.0, 
*ELEMENT, TYPE=B31, ELSET=AXLE2
 4022, 4002, 4003
*BEAM SECTION, SECTION=CIRC, MATERIAL=STEEL, ELSET=AXLE2
 15.0, 
  1.0,      0.0,      0.0
*ELEMENT, TYPE=B31, ELSET=AXLE3
 4023, 4002, 4004
*BEAM GENERAL SECTION, SECTION=GENERAL, ELSET=AXLE3, DENSITY=7.8E-9
 391.0,  17000.0,      0.0,     9400.0,    22600.0  
   0.0,      0.0,     -1.0
   2.1E+05,  8.077E+04
*BOUNDARY
 AXLE, 5,5, 0.0
**
** WISHBONE  
**
*NODE, NSET=WBONE
 5001,     -73.00,    -351.00,     -90.00
 5002,     325.00,    -351.00,     -90.00
 5011,     -17.00,    -540.00,    -128.00
 5012,     -73.00,    -398.60,    -110.70
 5013,     325.00,    -398.60,    -110.70
 5080,       2.56,    -750.00,    -116.00
*ELEMENT, TYPE=B31, ELSET=WB1
 5001, 5080, 5011
 5002, 5011, 5012
 5003, 5011, 5013
*BEAM GENERAL SECTION, SECTION=GENERAL, ELSET=WB1, DENSITY=7.8E-9
 542.0, 449591.0,       0.0,   196281.0,   639175.0
   0.0,      0.0,     -1.0
   2.1E+05,  8.077E+04
*ELEMENT, TYPE=B31, ELSET=WB2
 5033, 5012, 5001
 5034, 5013, 5002
*BEAM GENERAL SECTION, SECTION=GENERAL, ELSET=WB2, DENSITY=7.8E-9
 342.0,  81077.0,      0.0,   81077.0,  162155.0  
   0.0,      0.0,     -1.0
   2.1E+05,  8.077E+04
*ELEMENT, TYPE=B31, ELSET=WB3
 5035, 5012, 5013
*BEAM SECTION, SECTION=CIRC, MATERIAL=STEEL, ELSET=WB3
 13.0, 
**
*ELSET, ELSET=WBONE
 WB1, WB2, WB3
** Pin axle and wishbone together
*ELEMENT, TYPE=CONN3D2, ELSET=PIN
 9001, 4003, 5080
*CONNECTOR SECTION, ELSET=PIN
 JOIN,
**
** COIL SPRING
**
*NODE, NSET=CTOP
 6001,      -8.50,    -514.00,     214.00
*ELEMENT, TYPE=CONN3D2, ELSET=CSPRG
 6001, 5011, 6001
*CONNECTOR SECTION, ELSET=CSPRG, BEHAVIOR=CB_CSPRG
 AXIAL,
*CONNECTOR BEHAVIOR, NAME=CB_CSPRG
*CONNECTOR ELASTICITY, COMPONENT=1, NONLINEAR
 -13600.0, -100.00
  -8900.0,    0.00
  -4600.0,  100.00
** for visualization only
*ELEMENT, TYPE=T3D2, ELSET=PLOTB 
 6091, 5011, 6001
*SOLID SECTION, MATERIAL=STEEL, ELSET=PLOTB 
 0.0005, 
**
** BEARING POINT A  
**
*NODE, NSET=A-PVT
 7001,     -73.00,    -351.00,     -90.00
*ELEMENT, TYPE=CONN3D2, ELSET=APVT
 7001, 7001, 5001
*CONNECTOR SECTION, ELSET=APVT, BEHAVIOR=CB_APVT
 CARTESIAN,ROTATION
 XYZ,
*CONNECTOR BEHAVIOR, NAME=CB_APVT
*CONNECTOR ELASTICITY, COMPONENT=1, NONLINEAR
 -16000.0, -4.8
 -10000.0, -3.8
  -6000.0, -2.6
  -3000.0, -1.1
      0.0,  0.0
   3000.0,  1.1
   6000.0,  2.6
  10000.0,  3.8
  16000.0,  4.8
*CONNECTOR ELASTICITY, COMPONENT=2, NONLINEAR
 -10000.0, -1.80
  -6000.0, -1.25
  -2000.0, -0.53
      0.0,  0.00
   2000.0,  0.53
   6000.0,  1.25
  10000.0,  1.80
*CONNECTOR ELASTICITY, COMPONENT=3, NONLINEAR
 -10000.0, -2.40
  -5000.0, -1.45
  -2000.0, -0.68
      0.0,  0.00
   2000.0,  0.68
   5000.0,  1.45
  10000.0,  2.40
*CONNECTOR ELASTICITY, COMPONENT=4
 1.142E5, 
*CONNECTOR ELASTICITY, COMPONENT=5
 2.8568E6, 
*CONNECTOR ELASTICITY, COMPONENT=6
 2.8568E6, 
**
** BEARING POINT B
**
*NODE, NSET=B-PVT
 7002,     325.00,    -351.00,     -90.00
*ELEMENT, TYPE=CONN3D2, ELSET=BPVT
 7002, 7002, 5002
*CONNECTOR SECTION, ELSET=BPVT, BEHAVIOR=CB_BPVT
 CARTESIAN,ROTATION
 XYZ,
*CONNECTOR BEHAVIOR, NAME=CB_BPVT
*CONNECTOR ELASTICITY, COMPONENT=1, NONLINEAR
 -1600.0, -6.00
 -1000.0, -2.50
  -700.0, -1.50
  -500.0, -1.00
  -300.0, -0.50
     0.0,  0.00
   300.0,  0.50
   500.0,  1.00
   700.0,  1.50
  1000.0,  2.50
  1600.0,  6.00
*CONNECTOR ELASTICITY, COMPONENT=2, NONLINEAR
 -6800.0,  -4.00
 -4800.0,  -3.75
 -3600.0,  -3.50
 -2800.0,  -3.25
 -1700.0,  -2.75
 -1000.0,  -2.25
  -700.0,  -1.75
     0.0,   0.00
   700.0,   1.75
  1000.0,   2.25
  1700.0,   2.75
  2800.0,   3.25
  3600.0,   3.50
  4800.0,   3.75
  6800.0,   4.00
*CONNECTOR ELASTICITY, COMPONENT=3, NONLINEAR
 -6400.0, -2.00
 -5200.0, -1.75
 -4160.0, -1.50
 -2400.0, -1.00
  1000.0,  0.00
  4400.0,  1.00
  6160.0,  1.50
  7200.0,  1.75
  8400.0,  2.00
*CONNECTOR ELASTICITY, COMPONENT=4
 4.3082E4, 
*CONNECTOR ELASTICITY, COMPONENT=5
 1.1467E6, 
*CONNECTOR ELASTICITY, COMPONENT=6
 3.1311E5, 
**
*MATERIAL, NAME=STEEL
*ELASTIC
 2.1E+05,0.3
*DENSITY
 7.8E-9, 
*ELSET, ELSET=ALL
 1001, 
**
** Idealized triangular speed bump 400mm long and 100mm high
** Time data based on 5km/hr auto speed
*AMPLITUDE, NAME=BUMP, TIME=STEP TIME
 0.0, 0.0,  0.05, 0.0,  0.20, 100.0,  0.35, 0.0
 0.40, 0.0
**
**
*ELSET,ELSET=CONN
 TIRE,PIN,CSPRG,APVT,BPVT
*STEP, NLGEOM
 Auto Weight/Tire Compression/Coil spring Equilibrium
*STATIC
 0.1, 0.1
*BOUNDARY
 2000, 1,6, 0.0
*DLOAD
 ALL, GRAV, 9815.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0
*NSET, NSET=PLOT
 2000, 3002, 1001
*NODE FILE, NSET=PLOT
 U, 
*OUTPUT,FIELD,FREQ=1
*NODE OUTPUT
 U,V,A
*OUTPUT,HISTORY,FREQ=1
*NODE OUTPUT,NSET=PLOT
 U,V,A
*ELEMENT OUTPUT, ELSET=CONN
 CP,CU,CV,CA
*END STEP
**
**
*STEP, NLGEOM, INC=300
 Rotate entire vehicle 90 degress about Z axis
*STATIC
 0.005, 0.1
*BOUNDARY
  1001, 6,6, 1.57080
  2000, 6,6, 1.57080
 WHEEL, 6,6, 1.57080
*NODE FILE,NSET=PLOT,FREQUENCY=5
 U,
*END STEP
**
**
*STEP, NLGEOM, INC=200
 Apply "bump" to tire bottom with boundary condition
*DYNAMIC, HAFTOL=5000, INITIAL=NO
 5.0E-4, 0.40, , 0.01
*BOUNDARY, AMPLITUDE=BUMP
 2000, 3,3, 1.0 
*EL FILE, ELSET=WBONE
 XC, 
 UC, 
 VC,  
 HO, 
 RI, 
 MASS, VOL
*END STEP