Configuring the density settings

You can configure a general topology optimization.

  1. In the optimization task editor, click the Density tab.

  2. Select the Density update strategy.

    This setting controls the rate at which the Optimization module updates the relative material density of design elements during the optimization. In most cases you should accept the default setting (Normal). However, if the design responses are very sensitive and you have problems fulfilling the constraints, you may need a more conservative rate that requires more optimization iterations.

  3. Do either of the following to specify the relative density of each element during the initial optimization iteration:

    • Select Optimization product default to allow the Optimization module to determine the initial density. If the material volume is selected as a constraint, the Optimization module calculates the initial density such that the volume constraint is fulfilled exactly. If the material volume is selected as an objective function, each element has an initial relative density of 50%.

    • Select Specify and enter a value (0.0 < initial density ≤ 1.0). You should use this option only if volume is selected as an objective function and not as a constraint and if you know, prior to the optimization, that setting the initial density to a larger or smaller value will fulfill other constraints; for example, displacement constraints. You can use a value greater that 0.5 in conjunction with volume constraints to stabilize nonlinear or contact problems and to improve the convergence behavior.

  4. Enter the Minimum density, the Maximum density, and the Maximum change per design cycle.

    The minimum density must be greater than 0.0, and the maximum density must be less than or equal to 1.0. Changing the density bounds is not recommended, in particular the upper bound. You may need to increase the lower bound if the default value leads to a nearly singular stiffness matrix.

    Numerical experiments indicate that a value of 0.25 (default) is acceptable for the maximum change in density. A lower limit in the change of density, such as 0.1, is recommended for complicated design responses and optimization formulations. However, a lower limit often leads to a higher number of optimization iterations.